“Suzanne,” Leonard Cohen.THE MUSE: Suzanne Verdal.THE BACKSTORY: Originally a poem, "Suzanne" was inspired by Cohen's attraction to the ethereal Verdal, who lived on the Saint Lawrence River in the mid-'60s. She later described their friendship as "a spiritual union." Said Cohen, "Everyone was in love with Suzanne." In recent years Verdal, a former dancer, became homeless, drifting between Montreal and Venice Beach.
"Suzanne" is a song written by Canadian poet and musician Leonard Cohen in the 1960s. First published as a poem in 1966, it was recorded as a song by Judy Collins in the same year, and Cohen performed it as his debut single, from his 1967 album Songs of Leonard Cohen. Many other artists have recorded versions, and it has become one of the most-covered songs in Cohen's catalogue.
In 2006, Pitchfork Media listed the song #41 on their list of "The Top Songs of the 1960s".
Background[edit]
"Suzanne" was inspired by Cohen's platonic relationship with Suzanne Verdal, the then-girlfriend of sculptor Armand Vaillancourt. Its lyrics describe the rituals that they enjoyed when they met: Suzanne would invite Cohen to visit her apartment by the harbour in Montreal, where she would serve him Constant Comment tea, and they would walk around Old Montreal past the church of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours, where sailors were blessed before heading out to sea.[3]
Verdal was interviewed by CBC News's The National in 2006 about the song. Verdal says that she and Cohen never had a sexual relationship,[4]contrary to what some interpretations of the song suggest. Cohen stated in a 1994 BBC interview that he only imagined having sex with her, as there was neither the opportunity nor inclination to actually go through with it.[5] She says she has met Cohen twice since the song's initial popularity; once after a concert Cohen performed in the 1970s and once in passing in the 1990s when she danced for him, but Cohen did not speak to her (and possibly did not recognise her). Verdal never benefited financially from the song's enormous commercial success.[6]
Cohen has stated that he was duped into giving up the rights for the song, but stated that he was glad it happened, as it would be wrong to write a song that was so well-loved and to get rich for it also.[7]
Its lyrics first appeared as the poem "Suzanne Takes You Down" in Cohen's 1966 book of poetry Parasites of Heaven, admittedly because of lack of new material. Lyrics to a few other songs from his subsequent 1967 debut album were also printed in the book.
Recordings and cover versions[edit]
The song "Suzanne" was first performed by The Stormy Clovers in 1966 and then recorded by Judy Collins, appearing on her 1966 album In My Life. It was later released by Cohen on his debut album Songs of Leonard Cohen.
Other notable early versions were by Noel Harrison, whose recording was a minor hit,[8] and in 1969, Herman van Veen's Dutch version reached fourth place on the Dutch Top 40 list. Anni-Frid Lyngstad ("Frida" of ABBA fame) also recorded a version of the song with Swedish lyrics by Owe Junsjö for "Frida", her 1971 début album
It has since been covered by many other artists,[1] including a young Bruce Springsteen in his band the Castiles.[9]
Samples from "Suzanne" have also been used: Robert McKay used lines from Cohen's poem as chapter titles in his 1969 young adult novel Dave's Song. Verses of the song are played intermittently throughout the 1974 movie The Second Coming of Suzanne, starring Sondra Locke, Paul Sand,Jared Martin and Richard Dreyfuss. Rapper Plan B sampled the song for his Paint It Blacker mixtape, detailing a fictionalised account of a prostitute killed by the Camden Ripper and dumped in the river. The band R.E.M. gave Cohen a joint songwriting credit for their song "Hope" (on their 1998 album Up), in light of the similarity between the two songs. R.E.M. describe themselves as realising that similarity only after completing the song.
The French singer Alain Bashung made a cover of the song tranlated into French for his album "Bleu pétrole" (2008).
Use in the media[edit]
Film[edit]
The song forms the opening and closing theme for the 1974 film "The Second Coming of Suzanne"
The song forms the theme for the final scene of Cohen's short movie I Am a Hotel, released in 1983.
It is also used in one of the intermezzos in Lars von Trier's Breaking the Waves.
Nick Cave performed the song in the film Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man.
The song is featured in the Werner Herzog movie Fata Morgana.
The song is featured in A Home at the End of the World (2004).
The song is played as a slow-motion backdrop to film of Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky in Adam Curtis' 2011 documentary All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace.
The song is played in the 1987 Icelandic movie Skytturnar where a woman plays the song on her stereo, but the two main characters are dissatisfied with the song and instead play an Icelandic country song.
The song is featured in the final minutes of Robert Altman's "McCabe and Mrs Miller".
The song is featured in Jean-Marc Vallée's 2014 American biographical drama film Wild.
You Probably Think This Song Is about You
BBC Radio 4 FM, June 1998
Suzanne Verdal McCallister interviewed by Kate Saunders
Transcription from tape by Marie Mazur
"Suzanne Verdal perches in the doorway of the little gypsy cabinshe and her son built on the back of a truck".
Suzanne left Montreal in 1992 with his son Kahlil.
Narrator: Now, "You Probably Think This Song Is about You" and a trip back to the early 60�s in Montreal to meet a young dancer married to Armand, a handsome sculptor. She became the muse of dozens of Beat poets but for one, Leonard Cohen, she became extra special.
Suzanne takes you down
to her place near the river
you can hear the boats go by
you can spend the night beside her
And you know she�s half crazy
Suzanne: The Beat scene was beautiful. It was live jazz and we were just dancing our hearts out for hours on end, happy on very little. I mean we were living, most of us, on a shoestring. Yet, there was always so much to go around, if you know what I mean. You know, there was so much energy and sharing and inspiration and pure moments and quality times together on very little or no money.
Saunders: Do you remember exactly when you met Leonard Cohen? Where were you that night, do you remember?
Suzanne: It was maybe several months into my relationship with Armand, which was mostly based on being dancing partners together. And he would watch us dancing, of course. And then I was introduced to Leonard at Le Vieux Moulin, I think in the presence of Armand, in fact. But we didn�t really strike a note together until maybe three or four years later.
Saunders: So Leonard Cohen saw you when you were a young girl in love?
Suzanne: Oh very much so. He got such a kick out of seeing me emerge as a young schoolgirl I suppose, and a young artist, into becoming Armand�s lover and then wife. So, he was more or less chronicling the times and seemingly got a kick out of it (laughs).
Saunders: When did you then strike up this friendship that Leonard Cohen describes in song?
Suzanne: With Leonard, it happened more in the beginning of the sixties. When I was living then separated from Armand, I went and was very much interested in the waterfront. The St. Lawrence River held a particular poetry and beauty to me and (I) decided to live there with our daughter, Julie. Leonard heard about this place I was living, with crooked floors and a poetic view of the river, and he came to visit me many times. We had tea together many times and mandarin oranges.
and she feeds you tea and oranges
that come all the way from China
And just when you mean to tell her
that you have no love to give her
then she gets you on her wavelength
and she lets the river answer
that you�ve always been her lover
Saunders: Leonard Cohen later said that the opening verse of his poem, later to be the song "Suzanne", was a poetic account of the time he spent with her in the Summer of 1965.
Suzanne: One of our mutual friends mentioned to me, �Did you hear the wonderful poem that Leonard wrote for you� or about you and I said no, because I had been away traveling and I wasn�t aware of it. But apparently it got into the attention of Judy Collins, who urged Leonard to write a song based on the poem.
Saunders: When you heard the song as opposed to hearing the poem, did you instantly think, that�s me?
Suzanne: Oh yes, definitely. That was me. That is me still, yes.
Saunders: What did you think about your portrayal?
Suzanne: Flattered somewhat. But I was depicted as I think, in sad terms too in a sense, and that�s a little unfortunate. You know I don�t think I was quite as sad as that, albeit maybe I was and he perceived that and I didn�t.
Saunders: He writes, �you know that she�s half crazy but that�s why you want to be there.� Did that mean half crazy with unhappiness or just eccentric, bohemian? What did he mean, do you think?
Suzanne: Well, that could be. The half crazy could pertain to the sadness, but I think it was because I was so on a creative drive and the focuses were so strong in spite of any private grief I may have about my break up with Armand and the wheres and whys. There was so much other wonderful things happening. There was the activism. I was already becoming aware of recycling at a very young, young age and I might say, I might be a pioneer in that because I was going to the Salvation Army and getting old dresses and old pieces of just cloth and making something quite wonderful out of them to dress myself, my child, and to make wonderful clothes.
Saunders: Again this is put in the song but then he says, �just when you mean to tell her that you have no love to give her, then she gets you on her wavelength and she lets the river answer that you�ve always been her lover.� What does that mean? Is that something about your level of particular intimacy between you?
Suzanne: Well, I think the river is the river of life and that river, the St. Lawrence River that we shared, tied us together. And it was a union. It was a spirit union.
Now Suzanne takes your hand
and she leads you to the river
she is wearing rags and feathers
from Salvation Army counters
And the sun pours down like honey
on our lady of the harbour
And she shows you where to look
among the garbage and flowers
Suzanne: He was "drinking me in" more than I even recognized, if you know what I mean. I took all that moment for granted. I just would speak and I would move and I would encourage and he would just kind of like sit back and grin while soaking it all up and I wouldn�t always get feedback, but I felt his presence really being with me. We�d walk down the street for instance, and the click of our shoes, his boots and my shoes, would be like in synchronicity. It�s hard to describe. We�d almost hear each other thinking. It was very unique, very, very unique.
Saunders: Could you describe one of the typical evenings that you spent with Leonard Cohen at the time the song was written?
Suzanne: Oh yes. I would always light a candle and serve tea and it would be quiet for several minutes, then we would speak. And I would speak about life and poetry and we�d share ideas.
Saunders: So it really was the tea and oranges that are in the song?
Suzanne: Very definitely, very definitely, and the candle, who I named Anastasia, the flame of the candle was Anastasia to me. Don�t ask me why. It just was a spiritual moment that I had with the lightening of the candle. And I may or may not have spoken to Leonard about, you know I did pray to Christ, to Jesus Christ and to St. Joan at the time, and still do.
Saunders: And that was something you shared, both of you?
Suzanne: Yes, and I guess he retained that.
And Jesus was a sailor
when he walked upon the water
and he spent a long time watching
from his lonely wooden tower
and when he knew for certain
only drowning men could see him
he said All men will be sailors then
until the sea shall free them
but he himself was broken
long before the sky would open
forsaken, almost human
he sank beneath your wisdom like a stone
Saunders: After you�d heard this very intimate song, when did you meet Leonard Cohen again, after you�d heard it, and how had your relationship changed, if at all?
Suzanne: It did change. He became a big star after the song was launched and he became a songwriter. As you may or may not know, it launched him as a songwriter, I suppose. Our relationship did change with time. I traveled, went to the U.S., and we�d see him and bump into him. In Minneapolis for instance, he did a concert there and he saw me back stage and received me very beautifully, �Oh Suzanne, you gave me a beautiful song.� And it was a sweet moment. But then there were some bittersweet moments that perhaps I don�t wish to divulge right at this time.
Saunders: You feel that you moved apart after the song?
Suzanne: Yes, and I don�t quite understand. I stayed true to art for art�s sake but he moved on and I stayed true to the cause, as it were. And I guess, I don�t know if that intimidated him or embarrassed him or made him uncomfortable.
Saunders: The song is about the meeting of spirits. It�s a very intimate lyric, very, very intimate.
Suzanne: This is it.
Saunders: It seems very sad that the spirits moved apart.
Suzanne: Yes, I agree and I believe it�s material forces at hand that do this to many the greatest of lovers (laughs).
Saunders: So would you say in a way, in the spiritual sense, you were great lovers at some level?
Suzanne: Oh yes, yes, I don�t hesitate to speak of this, absolutely. As I say, you can glance at a person and that moment is eternal and it�s the deepest of touches and that�s what we�d shared, Leonard and I, I believe.
Saunders: Did either of you ever try to take it a stage further and make it more physically intimate or become lovers? Did either of you ever want to?
Suzanne: Yes, he did, coming from Leonard, it did. Once when he was visiting Montreal, I saw him briefly in a hotel and it was a very, very wonderful, happy moment because he was on his way to becoming the great success he is. And the moment arose that we could have a moment together intimately, and I declined.
And you want to travel with her
and you want to travel blind
and you know that she will trust you
for you�ve touched her perfect body
with your mind
Saunders: Do you think he resented the fact at all that you turned him down when he did fancy you?
Suzanne: I�ll never really know because there is a part of me that doesn�t understand the male gender, so I can�t speak about that part (laughs). I don�t know for sure. I forget that Leonard is more than just an amazing poet and philosopher. He�s also a human being who happens to be a man (laughs), so I can�t speak on that side.
There are heroes in the seaweed
there are children in the morning
they are leaning out for love
Saunders: Leonard Cohen finally ended up embracing spiritualism in the Mt. Baldy Zen Monastery in California, only a few miles down the road from where Suzanne now lives with her seven cats and works as a dance instructor and massage therapist.
and you want to travel blind
you know that you can trust her
for she�s touched your perfect body
with her mind
Saunders: Do you at all resent the fact that he, if you like, milked you for all the artistic inspiration and then moved on, having created this lovely thing from you? You can almost be said to have created this song yourself.
Suzanne: That may be, but I think poets do that. Poets, when they have a vision or an image, of course, use that. That�s their material. You must do this and being used is not even part of it at the time. That doesn�t exist. What came later was not remaining friends with Leonard and not knowing why. And that�s why there was some ill feeling there or some sadnesses that were not there at the beginning at all. Now the words have more meaning in a sense, because there�s a kind of detachment in the song that I hear now, that I didn�t hear then. Does that make sense to you?
Saunders: It does, indeed. I was going to say, he is almost your audience.
Suzanne: That�s right, absolutely. It�s like an observer, and not the participant any more, yes.
Saundes: Leonard Cohen recently described the song as the best of his whole career. He likened it to a 1982 Chateau Le Tour, a good bottle of wine. What does the song mean to you now, as you look back on it? Do you ever listen to it?
Suzanne: Not recently. There�s a little bit of a bittersweet feeling to it that I retain. I guess I miss the simpler times that we lived and shared. I don�t mean to be maudlin about it, but we�ve kind of gone our different ways and lost touch and some of my most beloved friends have departed from this planet into the other spheres. And there�s sometimes a very real homesickness for Montreal and that wonderful time.
Saunders: So it almost has become a symbol of your youth, if you like?
Suzanne: Oh absolutely, and for many of us, I hold dear this time, very much so.
